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List of Nobel Peace Prize laureates






From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia











The Norwegian Nobel Institute, shown above, assists the Norwegian Nobel
Committee in the task of selecting the recipient(s) of the Nobel Peace
Prize and to organise the annual Nobel event in Oslo.





The Nobel Peace Prize (Norwegian and Swedish: Nobels fredspris) is awarded annually by the Norwegian Nobel Committee
"to the person who shall have done the most or the best work for
fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing
armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses."^[1] It is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the 1895 will of Alfred Nobel (who died in 1896), awarded for outstanding contributions in chemistry, physics, literature, peace, and physiology or medicine.^[2] As dictated by Nobel's will, the award is administered by the Norwegian Nobel Committee and awarded by a committee of five people elected by the Parliament of Norway.^[3] The first Nobel Peace Prize was awarded in 1901 to Frédéric Passy and Henry Dunant. Each recipient receives a medal, a diploma, and a monetary award prize that has varied throughout the years.^[4] In 1901, Passy and Dunant shared a Prize of 150,782 Swedish kronor, which was equal to 7,731,004 kronor in 2008. In 2008, the Prize was awarded to Martti Ahtisaari of Finland, who received the Prize amount of 10,000,000 kronor (slightly more than €1 million, or US$1.4 million).^[5] The Peace Prize is presented annually in Oslo, in the presence of the King of Norway, on December 10, the anniversary of Nobel's death, and is the only Nobel Prize not presented in Stockholm.^[6]

The prize is considered the most controversial of the Nobel Prizes with several of the selections having been criticised.^[7][8] Despite having been nominated five times, Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi
never won the Prize. Following his assassination in 1948, the committee
considered awarding it to him posthumously but decided against it and
instead withheld the Prize that year with the explanation that "there
was no suitable living candidate."^[9] In 1961, Dag Hammarskjöld,
who died after his nomination but several months before the
announcement, became the only Laureate to be recognised posthumously;
following this, the statutes were changed to make a future posthumous
prize nearly impossible.^[10] In 1973, Le Duc Tho declined the Prize, because "he was not in a position to accept the Prize, citing the situation in Vietnam as his reason."^[11] Linus Pauling,
the Nobel Peace Prize laureate in 1962, is the only person to have been
awarded two unshared Nobel Prizes; he won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry
in 1954.^[11]

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